Engine-cooling system



eh J. GOOD ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 10, 1918 1,616,966 1927' I J. GOOD ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Filed Jan. 10, 1918 2' Sheets-Sheet 2 5] vwcwto'c m/ Tb 3% Patented Feb. s, 1927.

UNITEDSTATES PA'rEnT OFFICE.

JOHN GOOD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. ASSIGNOR TO GOOD IN VENTIONS CO., OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ENGINE-COOLING SYSTEM.

Application filed January 10, 1918. Serial No. 211,115.

The invention is a cooling system for internal combustion engines 1n whlch the cooling liquid is allowed to boil by the heat ofthe internal combustion and thereby to main- 5 tain a constant engine temperature substantially at the boiling point of the particular liquid employed. The improvements relate to the engine cylinder jacket and the organization of the parts constitutingthe circuit for the cooling medium and for the evacua tion and re-filling of the jacket spaqe and certain other features hereinafter disclosed and some of which will be observed to be capable of use in other types of engine cooling systems.

The invention is particularly adapted for use in engines burning kerosene and other non-volatile fuels and which rely upon temperature of the exhaust gases for pre-heating the intake air or vaporizing a charge mixture, inasmuch as it enables the normal exhaust temperature in such engines to be increased somewhat above thatobtaining in ordinary water-cooled engines, especially at starting,

and thereby the invention insures an adequate vaporizing temperature at all loads and throttle positions without other, complications. 7

In the accompanying two sheets of draw ings:

the invention applied, parts being broken out and in section;

Fig. 2 a cross section through the jacket space;

3 a similar view of a modified form of jacket;

Fig. 4 a larger scale detail of a portiion of the jacket space; and

Fig. 5, thermostatic control of the jacket evacuation.

The engine taken for illustration of the invention is indicated in the drawings as an automobile engine supplied with a mixture of air and fuel from a carburetor 1 but it should .be understood that the cooling system about to be explained is adapted for use with any type of internal combustion engine.

The mixture from the carburetor in the present case passes through a vaporizer tube 2 on its way to the intake manifold 3 and the said tube 2 is contained in the exhaust header 4 so as to be heated by the exhaust and thus vaporize the mixture passing within it. Various other and usual engine parts will be Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an engine with recognized without description or W'll be understood to bepresent as needed if ot illustrated. The combustion cylinders are enclosed in a jacket 5 which may be individual 1 to each cylinder or common to all of them as preferred but so arranged, in any event, as to avoid pockets in which steam or vapor might collect and be retained to the exclusion of liquid. According tothe location of the engine valves, therefore, the jacket structure may assume a wide variety of structural forms being in the present case constituted in part by the cylinder castin and in part by the cylinder head casting and providedwith a removable cover 5. The spark plugs are let into the side wall as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The interior of the jacket space itself provides, or it is otherwise associated with, a vapor-collecting space as marked at 6 in Fig. 2, which gives an extended liquid surface as marked at 7 in the same figure, for the disengagement of vapor from the liquid. I have found that the efficient operation of boiling jacket system's depends upon the provision of an adequate expanse of liquid surface, above the level of the source of heat, to allow forthe free and rapid upward rise and escape of the'bubbles of generated vapor, even though this may be at the expense of some bulkiness of the resulting design. The cylinder jacket and the saidspace providing the extended disengaging surface form part of a cooling circuit represented by the'vapor-pipe 8, the condenser 9 having the outward form of a standard automobile radiator, the liquid collectin space or reservoir 10, conveniently forme as the base of the condenser (although it could be a separate receptacle), the pipe 11 2 containing a strainer 12, the liquid pump 13, and the filling pipe 14, which includes in its length an enlargement or liquid chamber 15. The filling pipe 14 delivers the liquid into the acket space.

The radiator-condenser is filled through a capped nozzle 16 to the level permitted'by the normally open overflow 17 and the volume of water in the reservoir 10 is suflicient to fill the jacket space when pumped into the latter, to about the level indicated in Fig.'

2. The glass sight tube 18 extended rearwardly through the dash or instrument board indicates the water level to the operator so that he may guard against accidental exhaustion.

In running condition it will be apparent that. the vapor generated bylthe boiling liquid in the jacket space and disengaged from the latter intothe vapor space 6, passes "through the vapor pipe 8 to the top of the radiator and is condensed in threading the circuitous passage through the latter and by virtue of the cooling air draft produced by the engine-driven fan supplemented by the forward motion of the vehicle. The liquid gravitating into reservoir 10 is immediately restored to the jacket space by the pump 13 which is driven by'the engine and always in action while the engine 1s in normal use. The excess heat from the engine is thus absorbed-by causing it to generate vapor, the heat of the latter being dissipated to the atmosphere by condensation and the temperature of the engine cylinder is therefore that of the boiling point of the'liquid. If water be used it is somewhat higher than generally maintained in ordinary watercooled engines.

When the engine is stopped the water in the jacket is slowly drained from it so that by the time the engine has cooled down to lower than a good running temperature the jacket space will be entirely or substantially empty. The drainage path for this purpose can obviously be incorporated in the parts forming the cooling circuit in various ways and in the present case is constituted by a small tube 19 which leads from the lowest point of the jacket to the reservoir 10 and includes a regulating valve 20 adapted to be set to give an adequately slow drainage effeet as determined by the circumstances. The valve 20 may either be set at a constant drain opening or it may be thermostatically or manually operated so as to be closed while the jacket water is hot and open when it is cooled. For this purpose a thermostat or- I ganizat'ion such as shown for example in my co-pending application Serial No. 208,568, filed December 24, 1917, may be employed. After a. certain control or controllable period of engine stoppage, therefore, all of the water or jacket liquid will become transferred to the reservoir 10 at a lower level.

The resumption of engine operation will thus find the jacket empty and on this account the cylinder walls will quickly and almost instantaneously attain a proper temperature for efficient combustion and notwithstanding that the atmospheric temperature may be very low. The exhaust gas temperature will also quickly attain its normal value. The coincident resumption of the pump action will also and simultaneously begin to return the liquid to or toward the jacket but such return is, or may be delayed or restricted. It is governed by the capacity of the pump and its delivery pipeand the latter are purposely made so that the return takes place slowly and so that the water level in the jacket space does not cover the cylinders until-the engine has not only attained its best operating temperature but has begun to develop an excess of heat. The beginning of the return of the liquid may also be retarded, either by thermostatic control or by reasonof the presence in the pipe 14 of the chamber or space 15. This space, being above the level of the reservoir 10, will drain itself through the pump after a period of rest of the engine and it must first be filled before the water can reach the jacket. Other means may also be used within the invention and when necessary for'producing an equivalent retardation. However, to guard against the development of excessively hot spotsin the cylinde walls during a long return period and such as might be hot enough to impairthe integrity of the metal, the water from the pipe 14 is delivered to the engine cylinders in the empty jacket in a distributed relation, that is to say, is showered over them from a spray pipe 21 forming the outlet of pipe 14, or by equivalent means, thereby moderating the temperature rise in those localities where it might otherwise be excessive but only to such extent as will safely guard against injury. After the cylinders are submerged the showering eifect ceases and the shower pipe 21 then serves merely as the delivery outlet of pipe 14 except that it causes a commotion in the cooling liquid above the cylinders, which has the effect in practice of continuously dislodging the bubbles of steam that f\ rm on and tend to cling to the cylinder heads. I have found that the efiiciency of my system results in large measure from the prompt removal of such vapor bubbles, especially from the horizontal surfaces of the cylinder, and that otherwise the blanketing or heat-insulating effect of the bubbles causes these parts or spots of the cylinder walls to acqulre an unduly high temperature tending towardpre-ignition of the engine charges.

As a further and alternate means of guarding against excessive temperature during long liquid return periods the cylinders may be provided with an upstanding lip or flange 22 as shown by way of example in Fig. 3. This flange .forms a receptacle which, on the evacuation of the jacket by draining, will always retain a small quanti- Fig.4 illustrates the application of the same idea to the seat of a rotary valve, such as is described in my prior Patent No. 1.230.- 291. and which requires also to be guarded. against excessive temperature. The flange 2 around the journal seat of this valve forms the receptacle and retains enough water in contact with the seatwall when the jacket is drained to guard against. overheating during the period of return.

It will be observed from the description which precedes that the constantly open Grain tube 19 will be operative to drain water from the jacket slowly back to the reser- \oir. even while the engine is running. The limited circulation thus set up, through the reservoir, pump and jacket, is one of the factors contributing to the retardation of the filling process and is ordinarily too small in amount to affect thenormal operal ion oi the cngine. It may however be shut oil completel v during normal operation. as by manually closing the drain tube at the valve 24, which valve can of course be readily arranged to be operated from the (lash. And at any time the drainage feature is not required, as, for example, in very hot weather, it can thus be eliminated without affecting the adjustable iestriction established by the setting of valve 20. In the case of thermostatic control the thermostat 25 is interposed in the vapor line 8, as shown in Fig. 5, and connected by a rod and lever 26 to the valve 24 corresponding to the valve 24 in Fig. 1. \Vhen the vapor pipe Sbecomes heated, indicating that the engine is generating an abundance of heat, the thermostat operates the rod 26 to close valve 24 and thereby stop the drainage or back flow through the tube 19 until vapor ceases to be generated and pipe 8 and the thermostat cools down.

Claims.

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cooling system wherein the cooling medium is boiled and its vapors condensed and returned to the cylinder jacket, con'lprising a circuit including the cylinder jacket, a condenser and a liquid-collecting reservoir, and characterized by means for delivering the liquid from said reservoir in a distributed relation to theinterior of the jacket space.

2. In an"internal combustion engine cooling system wherein the cooling medium is boiled and its vapors condensed and returned to the. cylinder jacket, the combination with a circuit including the jacket, a condenser, and a reservoir for collecting the condensed liquid, of a drain passage from the jacket to the reservoir. and means for delivering the liquid from the reservoir to the jacket in a distributed relation.

3. In an internal combustion engine cooling system wherein the cooling medium is boiled and its vapors condensed and returned to the c linder jacket. the combination with a cylindbr jacket and boiling space, and a condensci-included in circuit, of a sight tube for indicating the. liquid level in the jacket space, a liquid-(aillecting reservoir below said space, and a slowdrain passage from said space to the reservoir.

4. In an internal combustion engine-cooling system wherein the cooling medium is boiled and its vapors condensed and returned to the cylinder jacket, the combination with a cylinder jacket and boiling space and a condenser included in circuit, of a liquid-collecting reservoir for the condensed vapor, means for draining liquid from the jacket, and means for delaying the return of liquid to the jacket.

-5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder jacket arranged to be drained of cooling liquid when the engine stops and pro-' vided with a pump and inlet adapted to shower the cooling liquid ina distributed relation within the jacket.

6. In an internal combustion engine where- .I. the cylinder jacket is adapted to be drained of the cooling liquid when the enginc is stopped, means for slowly returning said liquid when the engine is started and means for-locally moderating the temperature of the engine cylinder while the jacket is filling.

7. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder jacket adapted to be substantially drained of liquid when the engine is stopped, a receptacle to retain a small body of water n heat-abstracting relation to the engine cylinders and means for returning the liquid to the jacket.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder jacket adapted to be substantially drained of liquid when the engine is stopped,

a receptaclein said jacket surrounding theseat wall of an engine valve and adapted to retain a small body of water in heat-abstracting relation to said wall and means for returning the liquid to the jacket.

9. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder jacket adapted to contain a cooling medium, a: liquid reservoir, a restricted drain pipe through which the cooling medium may drain into the reservoir when the engine is stopped, a pumping means for returning the liquid to the jacket and a liquid'chamber in the delivery of the pump adapted to delay delivery to the jacket when the engine is started.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a cooling system comprising a cylinder jacket adapted to contain a boiling liquid, a thermostatically-controlled drain passage adapted to evacuate said jacket and means for returning the liquid to the jacket.

11. The combination of an internal combustion engine, an evaporative cooling system therefor including a liquid-containing jacket for the cylinder or cylinders thereof, and means for dislodging the vapor bubbles Hit) der or cylinders.

12. The combination of an internal combustion engine, having a cylinder, an evaporative cooling system including a jacket for the cylinder and containing liquid submerging the cylinder head and a steam space above the liquid, and a nozzle for discharging liquid toward the cylinder head and adapted to set up commotion in the liquid overlying the same.

13. The combination of an internal combastion engine, an evaporative cooling system therefor, including a liquid containing jacket, a condenser for the vapor of the cooling liquid generated in said jacket, and a pump for returning the condensed liquid from the condenser to the engine, the discharge from said pump being arranged to direct the returned liquid against the cylinder head. I

14, In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality ofi cylinders arranged in line, a single cooling jacket for all said cylinders wherein the cooling medium is boiled, a condenser receiving the vapor of said medium from the jacket, and means for returning said medium to the jacketin liquid form, said means including a pipe above and extending parallel with said line of cylinders and having an outlet opening adjacent each cylinder whereby the liquid discharged from said pipe disturbs the collection of vapor bubbles on-the tops of the cylinders. 4

15. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a plurality of cylinders arranged in line, a single cooling jacket for all said cylinders/wherein the ,cooling medium is boiled, a'condenser receiving the vapor of said medium from the jacket, and means for returning the medium to the jacket liquid form, said means having an outlet into the jacket space adjacent the top of each of the cylinders therein whereby vapor bubbles formed on the tops of the cylinders are disturbed.

16. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders enclosed in cooling acket means wherein the cooling medium is boiled, a condenser receiving the vapor of such medium, and means for returning the medium to the cool ing jacket means in liquid form, said returning means being arranged to cause a fiow of liquid over the tops of the cylinders to dislodge vapor bubbles formed thereon.

17. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders enclosed in cooling jacket means wherein the cooling medium is boiled, a condenser receiving the vapor of such medium,'and means for returning the medium to-the cool ing jacket means in liquid form, said returning means being arranged to cause a vigorous flow of the liquid medium over a surface-of each of said cylinders sufficient to dislodge vapor bubbles tending to collect thereon.

specification.

JOHN GOOD. 

